Ballistic Physics
Source: BuyaBullet Corporation
A projectile in motion has ‘Momentum’, which is calculated by multiplying its Mass (m) by its Velocity (v). Momentum increases with both Mass and Velocity. The formula for
Momentum = m * v
Kinetic Energy (KE) of a projectile is determined by the formula: KE = (1/2) * m * v squared, where m represents mass and v represents the velocity. Kinetic Energy increases by both mass and the square of the velocit
The trajectory of a projectile is affected by gravity, air resistance, and the initial velocity and angle of launch. The path of the projectile typically follows a parabolic curve due to gravity.
External Ballistics refers to the study of a projectile's flight behavior before impact. It encompasses factors such as velocity loss, wind drift, the effect of gravity, and even the Coriolis effect.
Terminal Ballistics refers to the study of a projectile's behavior upon impact. It involves factors such as penetration, expansion, and fragmentation if any.
Caliber of a projectile represents its diameter, typically measured in inches or millimeters. A larger caliber generally indicates a larger projectile.
Sectional Density (SD) of a projectile is determined by dividing its mass (m) by its cross-sectional area (A). Sectional density is used to evaluate a projectile's penetration potential. The formula for Sectional Density = m / A
Ballistic Coefficient (BC) of a projectile is a measure of its ability to overcome air resistance. Numerically higher BC values indicate better aerodynamic performance and less velocity loss over a distance.
Gyroscopic stability of a projectile is provided by its spin, generated through rifling in the barrel. This spin stabilizes the projectile in flight, enhancing accuracy.
Terminal Velocity of a projectile occurs when the force of gravity equals the force of air resistance, resulting in a constant velocity. Terminal Velocity varies depending on projectile shape and weight
Ballistic physics principles are what govern ammunition and projectile behavior. Although the formulas and concepts can be complex, they play a crucial role in understanding the performance and characteristics of ammunition.
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